We cover the physical and reporting response to Spills in Canada. The attendee will be introduced to various spill equipment, tools and supplies. We'll review the need to have a spills plan and become familiar with common responses in a spill situation. We'll review the federal and provincial/territorial spill reporting requirements and look at how each jurisdiction in Canada handles spills.
We start with a Coles notes review of Chemistry and Biology then review current microbiological threats. We’ll then learn about bacteria, what they are, how they feed, reproduce and how they make us sick. We’ll gain an understanding of how they are named, what shapes they come in and how we analyse and treat for them. We’ll review a number of specific species and groups of interest.From bacteria, we move into viruses, protozoa and algae. We’ll look at each microb of interest to the water/wastewater industry. We’ll cover proper sampling techniques, treatment barriers to microbs, the process of how various types of Microbiological tests are conducted and a whole lot more.
This course provides an in depth skim of most of the legislative framework for Drinking Water in Ontario. We review over 20 Acts with in depth reviews of over 10 regulations. There is a deep focus on the Safe Drinking Water Act and regulations 170/03 and 128/04. We’ll explore the Disinfection of Drinking Water in Ontario and the Ontario Watermain Disinfection Procedures in addition to AWWA and NSF Standards. You’re also provided a 500pg PDF manual that will serve as an authoritative reference manual for years to come.
Taxes Calculated at CheckoutDependant on Province or State
Math Tools 1-1: Fractions, Decimals & Percentages
Math Tools 1-1 is the first in the series of industrial / operational Math Tools. We begin to build or refresh skills needed for a solid foundation required in today’s operating environment. The topics of Fractions, Decimals and Percentages are all interrelated and knowing one can easily give you the information needed to calculate the others. In this course we teach and refresh these fundamental skills and begin working on giving you the confidence to be a superior operator.
Math Tools 1-3. We begin to build or refresh skills needed for a solid foundation required in today’s operating environment. The topics of Averages, Ratios and Proportions are at the foundations of math. A solid command and understanding of these important topics are necessary to understand the mathematical spectrum of knowledge needed by a modern day operator/maintainer. In this course we teach and refresh these fundamental skills and continue working on giving you the confidence to be a superior operator & succeed at the exams.
Math Tools 1-4: Conversions & Intro to Dimensional Analysis
In Math Tools 1-4 we continue to build or refresh skills needed for a solid foundation required in today’s operating environment. Being able to convert from metric «-» Imperial, imperial to imperial and metric to metric is a fundamental skill needed by every operator. We’ll review this skill extensively, and also learn the operators greatest math trick, Dimensional Analysis. In this course we teach and refresh these fundamental skills and begin working on giving you the confidence to be a superior operator.
In Math Tools 1-5 we wrap up the Fundamental Math Series with our last subjects of linear measurements, area calculations and volume determinations. We tackle angles using trigonometry. We look at complex areas and volumes and tackle partial volumes of odd shaped tanks. We use trigonometry, geometry and algebra to calculate various aspects of these three dimensions.
Math Tools 1-2: Scales, Graphs and Introduction to Algebra
In Math Tools 1-2 we continue in the Fundamental Math Series with the subjects of Scales and Graphs & the magic of Algebra. We use water & wastewater example equations to demonstrate algebra in a simple, step by step manner. We’ll tackle flow, dosage & velocity, liquid concentration changes & dilution; given the area of a circle, we work out its diameter & we develop an equation for quickly & mentally determining Celsius «to/from» Fahrenheit.
If you struggle with maths then OETC Math Tools can help. Our Math Tool Level 1 Series reinforces the basics, and prepare you for mastery of the mathematical tools needed to succeed in the 10-15% of the certification exams devoted to math. This course package will grant access to all Level 1 Math Tool courses. Take them in the order intended or bounce around based on interest. Refresh, reinforce, learn or relearn these vital mathematical skills. And purchasing in this bundled format, you save a few bucks from enrolling in Math Tool courses individually.Total CEU’s for all Math Tool courses total 2.5 CEU’s or 25hrsof mathematics instruction. specific to folks who’ve been out of school a while. You wouldn’t believe what you’ve forgotten, but will know again, and forever!
$ 995.00
Certification & Licensing 101 (FREE 0.3 CEU’s)
This is OETC's e-Training demonstration course and serves as an Introductory guide to being a Certified Drinking Water Operator & Licensed Wastewater Operator in Ontario. In this course we’ll introduce the Operator (or prospective Operator) to Ontario’s Certification system for Drinking Water and Licensing for Wastewater Operators. Informative for the new and experienced operator, aspiring operator or administrator.
We’ll create e-Training accounts, enroll into courses &
email credentials/Instruction to the Operator
Logbooks, Certification & AWQI/Spills Reporting in Ontario
We’ll introduce the attendee to the regulatory framework that governs Drinking Water and Wastewater in Ontario. Using interactive lectures & narrated legislation, in-lecture skills practice and intelligent quizzing, the student will gain an in depth understanding of their responsibilities for due diligence, certification and logbooks and gain confidence in AWQI’s and Spills Reporting in Ontario.
Reviewing the Procedure for Disinfection of Drinking Water in Ontario
In this course, we’ll look at one of the most important procedures at the centre of Drinking Water Operations in Ontario. This procedure is a supporting document for Ontario legislation and regulations related to drinking water and specific to water disinfection and any pre-disinfection processes that may be necessary to ensure effectiveness of disinfection.
Reviewing the Ontario Watermain Disinfection Procedure
In this 8hr or 0.8CEU course, we’ll provide a sequential guided review of the full Procedure. Disinfectant and pipe volume calculations are also covered. This procedure is a supporting document for Ontario regulations and your Drinking Water Works Permit related to drinking water distribution pipes and specific to disinfection and records of disinfection.
Payment via Municipal/Company Invoice or Credit Card
Distribution Operators
Treatment Operators
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Taxes Calculated at CheckoutDependant on Province or State
Taxes Calculated at CheckoutDependant on Province or State
Taxes Calculated at CheckoutDependant on Province or State
Taxes Calculated at CheckoutDependant on Province or State
Taxes Calculated at CheckoutDependant on Province or State
Taxes Calculated at CheckoutDependant on Province or State
Taxes Calculated at CheckoutDependant on Province or State
Taxes Calculated at CheckoutDependant on Province or State
Taxes Calculated at CheckoutDependant on Province or State
Taxes Calculated at CheckoutDependant on Province or State
Taxes Calculated at CheckoutDependant on Province or State
Ontario Legislative Series
Courses on Technical Guidance and Water & Wastewater Science
Chlorine in Drinking Water - Reviewing the Canadian Technical Guidelines
In this course, we will review the Guideline Technical Document for Chlorine under the Guidelines for Canadian Drinking Water Quality. The manual for this course was developed by Health Canada and includes a summarization of information used to support the current Health Canada Guidelines related to chlorine in Drinking Water in Canada.We focus on Chlorine as a chemical, the uses of chlorine in water treatment and the health effects related to exposure to chlorine in drinking water supplies. This Guideline Technical Document forms the bases for the Guidelines for Canadian Drinking Water Quality perimeter related to chlorine in drinking water. This is not a health and safety course related to chlorine nor does it focus on disinfection math.
Fluoride in Drinking Water - Reviewing the Canadian Technical Guidelines
In this course, we will review the Guideline Technical Document for Fluoride under the Guidelines for Canadian Drinking Water Quality. The manual for this course was developed by Health Canada and includes a summarization of information used to support the current Health Canada Guidelines related to fluoride in Drinking Water in Canada.We focus on Fluoride as a chemical, the uses of fluoride in drinking water and the health effects related to exposure to fluoride in drinking water supplies. This Guideline Technical Document forms the bases for the Guidelines for Canadian Drinking Water Quality perimeter related to fluoride in drinking water. This is not a health and safety course related to fluoride nor does it focus on dosage math.
Taxes Calculated at CheckoutDependant on Province or State
Math Tools 1-1: Fractions, Decimals & Percentages
Math Tools 1-1 is the first in the series of industrial / operational Math Tools. We begin to build or refresh skills needed for a solid foundation required in today’s operating environment. The topics of Fractions, Decimals and Percentages are all interrelated and knowing one can easily give you the information needed to calculate the others. In this course we teach and refresh these fundamental skills and begin working on giving you the confidence to be a superior operator.These courses are completely on-line and at the pace of the attendee. Using in-presentation exercises and intelligent quizzing, the student can gain complete mastery of the topic and view unit presentations multiple times, extra activities are provided if the student wants to extend their learning. Unit quizzes must be passed in order to move to the next topic and can be attempted as many times as necessary, they will be different every time and provide feedback to incorrect responses (Final Quiz - Maximum 3 Attempts). The Certificate of Completion is instantly and automatically provided upon completion. No course manual is required, all materials needed are available within the course.
Regulator Approved in: ON (0.4-CEU’s)
Math Tools 1-2: Scales, Graphs & Intro to Algebra
In Math Tools 1-2 we wrap up the Fundamental Math Series with our last subjects of Scales and Graphs and demonstrate how to use what we’ve learned with algebra. We use water and wastewater example equations to demonstrate algebra in a simple step by step manner. We’ll tackle flow, dosage and velocity, liquid concentration changes and dilution, given the area of a circle, we work out its diameter and we develop an equation for Degrees Celsius given the equation for Fahrenheit. These courses are completely on-line and at the pace of the attendee. Using in-presentation exercises and intelligent quizzing, the student can gain complete mastery of the topic and view unit presentations multiple times, extra activities are provided if the student wants to extend their learning. Unit quizzes must be passed in order to move to the next topic and can be attempted as many times as necessary, they will be different every time and provide feedback to incorrect responses (Final Quiz - Maximum 3 Attempts). The Certificate of Completion is instantly and automatically provided upon completion. No course manual is required, all materials needed are available within the course.
Regulator Approved in: ON (0.5-CEU’s)
Math Tools 1-3: Averages, Ratios & Proportion
Math Tools 1-3 is the second course in the series of industrial / operational Math Tools. We begin to build or refresh skills needed for a solid foundation required in today’s operating environment. The topics of Averages, Ratios and Proportions are at the foundations of math. A solid command and understanding of these important topics are necessary to understand the mathematical spectrum of knowledge. In this course we teach and refresh these fundamental skills and begin working on giving you the confidence to be a superior operator.These courses are completely on-line and at the pace of the attendee. Using in-presentation exercises and intelligent quizzing, the student can gain complete mastery of the topic and view unit presentations multiple times, extra activities are provided if the student wants to extend their learning. Unit quizzes must be passed in order to move to the next topic and can be attempted as many times as necessary, they will be different every time and provide feedback to incorrect responses (Final Quiz - Maximum 3 Attempts). The Certificate of Completion is instantly and automatically provided upon completion. No course manual is required, all materials needed are available within the course.
Regulator Approved in: ON (0.4-CEU’s)
Math Tools 1-4: Conversions & Intro to Dimensional Analysis
In Math Tools 1-4 we continue to build or refresh skills needed for a solid foundation required in today’s operating environment. Being able to convert from metric to Imperial, imperial to imperial and metric to metric is a fundamental skill needed by every operator. We not review this skill extensively, but we will also learn the operators greatest math trick, Dimensional Analysis. In this course we teach and refresh these fundamental skills and begin working on giving you the confidence to be a superior operator.These courses are completely on-line and at the pace of the attendee. Using in-presentation exercises and intelligent quizzing, the student can gain complete mastery of the topic and view unit presentations multiple times, extra activities are provided if the student wants to extend their learning. Unit quizzes must be passed in order to move to the next topic and can be attempted as many times as necessary, they will be different every time and provide feedback to incorrect responses (Final Quiz - Maximum 3 Attempts). The Certificate of Completion is instantly and automatically provided upon completion. No course manual is required, all materials needed are available within the course.
Regulator Approved in: ON (0.4-CEU’s)
Math Tools 1-5: Linear, Area and Volume Calculations
In Math Tools 1-5 we wrap up the Fundamental Math Series with our last subjects of Linear, Area and Volume determinations and practice what we’ve learned with algebra. We tackle angles using trigonometry. We look at complex areas and volumes and tackle partial volumes of odd shaped tanks. We use trigonometry, geometry and algebra to calculate various aspects of these three dimensions.These courses are completely on-line and at the pace of the attendee. Using in-presentation exercises and intelligent quizzing, the student can gain complete mastery of the topic and view unit presentations multiple times, extra activities are provided if the student wants to extend their learning. Unit quizzes must be passed in order to move to the next topic and can be attempted as many times as necessary, they will be different every time and provide feedback to incorrect responses (Final Quiz - Maximum 3 Attempts). The Certificate of Completion is instantly and automatically provided upon completion. No course manual is required, all materials needed are available within the course.
Regulator Approved in: ON (0.8-CEU’s)
OETC Math Tools1-5 Linear, Area & Volume Calculations
We look at complex areas & volumes and tackle partial volumes of odd shaped tanks. We’ll use of Algebra, Trigonometry and Pythagorean Theorem to explore these topics, but all will be reviewed & explained
We cover the physical and reporting response to Spills in Canada. The attendee will be introduced to various spill equipment, tools and supplies. We'll review the need to have a spills plan and become familiar with common responses in a spill situation. We'll review the federal and provincial/territorial spill reporting requirements and look at how each jurisdiction in Canada handles spills.
We start with a Coles notes review of Chemistry and Biology then review current microbiological threats. We’ll then learn about bacteria, what they are, how they feed, reproduce and how they make us sick. We’ll gain an understanding of how they are named, what shapes they come in and how we analyse and treat for them. We’ll review a number of specific species and groups of interest.From bacteria, we move into viruses, protozoa and algae. We’ll look at each microb of interest to the water/wastewater industry. We’ll cover proper sampling techniques, treatment barriers to microbs, the process of how various types of Microbiological tests are conducted and a whole lot more.
This course provides an in depth skim of most of the legislative framework for Drinking Water in Ontario. We review over 20 Acts with in depth reviews of over 10 regulations. There is a deep focus on the Safe Drinking Water Act and regulations 170/03 and 128/04. We’ll explore the Disinfection of Drinking Water in Ontario and the Ontario Watermain Disinfection Procedures in addition to AWWA and NSF Standards. You’re also provided a 500pg PDF manual that will serve as an authoritative reference manual for years to come.
Taxes Calculated at CheckoutDependant on Province or State
Math Tools 1-1: Fractions, Decimals &
Percentages
Math Tools 1-1 is the first in the series of industrial / operational Math Tools. We begin to build or refresh skills needed for a solid foundation required in today’s operating environment. The topics of Fractions, Decimals and Percentages are all interrelated and knowing one can easily give you the information needed to calculate the others. In this course we teach and refresh these fundamental skills and begin working on giving you the confidence to be a superior operator.
Math Tools 1-3. We begin to build or refresh skills needed for a solid foundation required in today’s operating environment. The topics of Averages, Ratios and Proportions are at the foundations of math. A solid command and understanding of these important topics are necessary to understand the mathematical spectrum of knowledge needed by a modern day operator/maintainer. In this course we teach and refresh these fundamental skills and continue working on giving you the confidence to be a superior operator & succeed at the exams.
In Math Tools 1-4 we continue to build or refresh skills needed for a solid foundation required in today’s operating environment. Being able to convert from metric «-» Imperial, imperial to imperial and metric to metric is a fundamental skill needed by every operator. We’ll review this skill extensively, and also learn the operators greatest math trick, Dimensional Analysis. In this course we teach and refresh these fundamental skills and begin working on giving you the confidence to be a superior operator.
In Math Tools 1-5 we wrap up the Fundamental Math Series with our last subjects of linear measurements, area calculations and volume determinations. We tackle angles using trigonometry. We look at complex areas and volumes and tackle partial volumes of odd shaped tanks. We use trigonometry, geometry and algebra to calculate various aspects of these three dimensions.
In Math Tools 1-2 we continue in the Fundamental Math Series with the subjects of Scales and Graphs & the magic of Algebra. We use water & wastewater example equations to demonstrate algebra in a simple, step by step manner. We’ll tackle flow, dosage & velocity, liquid concentration changes & dilution; given the area of a circle, we work out its diameter & we develop an equation for quickly & mentally determining Celsius «to/from» Fahrenheit.
If you struggle with maths then OETC Math Tools can help. Our Math Tool Level 1 Series reinforces the basics, and prepare you for mastery of the mathematical tools needed to succeed in the 10-15% of the certification exams devoted to math. This course package will grant access to all Level 1 Math Tool courses. Take them in the order intended or bounce around based on interest. Refresh, reinforce, learn or relearn these vital mathematical skills. And purchasing in this bundled format, you save a few bucks from enrolling in Math Tool courses individually.Total CEU’s for all Math Tool courses total 2.5 CEU’s or 25hrsof mathematics instruction. specific to folks who’ve been out of school a while. You wouldn’t believe what you’ve forgotten, but will know again, and forever!
$ 995.00
Certification & Licensing 101 (FREE 0.3 CEU’s)
This is OETC's e-Training demonstration course and serves as an Introductory guide to being a Certified Drinking Water Operator & Licensed Wastewater Operator in Ontario. In this course we’ll introduce the Operator (or prospective Operator) to Ontario’s Certification system for Drinking Water and Licensing for Wastewater Operators. Informative for the new and experienced operator, aspiring operator or administrator.
We’ll create e-Training accounts, enroll into courses & email
credentials/Instruction to the Operator(s)
Logbooks, Certification & AWQI/Spills
Reporting in Ontario
We’ll introduce the attendee to the regulatory framework that governs Drinking Water and Wastewater in Ontario. Using interactive lectures & narrated legislation, in-lecture skills practice and intelligent quizzing, the student will gain an in depth understanding of their responsibilities for due diligence, certification and logbooks and gain confidence in AWQI’s and Spills Reporting in Ontario.
In this course, we’ll look at one of the most important procedures at the centre of Drinking Water Operations in Ontario. This procedure is a supporting document for Ontario legislation and regulations related to drinking water and specific to water disinfection and any pre-disinfection processes that may be necessary to ensure effectiveness of disinfection.
In this 8hr or 0.8CEU course, we’ll provide a sequential guided review of the full Procedure. Disinfectant and pipe volume calculations are also covered. This procedure is a supporting document for Ontario regulations and your Drinking Water Works Permit related to drinking water distribution pipes and specific to disinfection and records of disinfection.
We’ll create e-Training accounts, enroll into courses & email
credentials/Instruction to the Operator(s)
Payment via Credit Card
Payment via Municipal/Company Invoice or Credit Card
OR
Courses on Technical Guidance and
Water & Wastewater Science
Chlorine in Drinking Water - Reviewing the
Canadian Technical Guidelines
In this course, we will review the Guideline Technical Document for Chlorine under the Guidelines for Canadian Drinking Water Quality. The manual for this course was developed by Health Canada and includes a summarization of information used to support the current Health Canada Guidelines related to chlorine in Drinking Water in Canada.We focus on Chlorine as a chemical, the uses of chlorine in water treatment and the health effects related to exposure to chlorine in drinking water supplies. This Guideline Technical Document forms the bases for the Guidelines for Canadian Drinking Water Quality perimeter related to chlorine in drinking water. This is not a health and safety course related to chlorine nor does it focus on disinfection math.
In this course, we will review the Guideline Technical Document for Fluoride under the Guidelines for Canadian Drinking Water Quality. The manual for this course was developed by Health Canada and includes a summarization of information used to support the current Health Canada Guidelines related to fluoride in Drinking Water in Canada.We focus on Fluoride as a chemical, the uses of fluoride in drinking water and the health effects related to exposure to fluoride in drinking water supplies. This Guideline Technical Document forms the bases for the Guidelines for Canadian Drinking Water Quality perimeter related to fluoride in drinking water. This is not a health and safety course related to fluoride nor does it focus on dosage math.
Taxes Calculated at CheckoutDependant on Province or State
$ 495.00
Taxes Calculated at CheckoutDependant on Province or State
Math Tools 1-1: Fractions, Decimals & Percentages
Math Tools 1-1 is the first in the series of industrial / operational Math Tools. We begin to build or refresh skills needed for a solid foundation required in today’s operating environment. The topics of Fractions, Decimals and Percentages are all interrelated and knowing one can easily give you the information needed to calculate the others. In this course we teach and refresh these fundamental skills and begin working on giving you the confidence to be a superior operator.These courses are completely on-line and at the pace of the attendee. Using in-presentation exercises and intelligent quizzing, the student can gain complete mastery of the topic and view unit presentations multiple times, extra activities are provided if the student wants to extend their learning. Unit quizzes must be passed in order to move to the next topic and can be attempted as many times as necessary, they will be different every time and provide feedback to incorrect responses (Final Quiz - Maximum 3 Attempts). The Certificate of Completion is instantly and automatically provided upon completion. No course manual is required, all materials needed are available within the course.
Regulator Approved in: ON (0.4-CEU’s)
Math Tools 1-2: Scales, Graphs & Intro to Algebra
In Math Tools 1-2 we wrap up the Fundamental Math Series with our last subjects of Scales and Graphs and demonstrate how to use what we’ve learned with algebra. We use water and wastewater example equations to demonstrate algebra in a simple step by step manner. We’ll tackle flow, dosage and velocity, liquid concentration changes and dilution, given the area of a circle, we work out its diameter and we develop an equation for Degrees Celsius given the equation for Fahrenheit. These courses are completely on-line and at the pace of the attendee. Using in-presentation exercises and intelligent quizzing, the student can gain complete mastery of the topic and view unit presentations multiple times, extra activities are provided if the student wants to extend their learning. Unit quizzes must be passed in order to move to the next topic and can be attempted as many times as necessary, they will be different every time and provide feedback to incorrect responses (Final Quiz - Maximum 3 Attempts). The Certificate of Completion is instantly and automatically provided upon completion. No course manual is required, all materials needed are available within the course.
Regulator Approved in: ON (0.5-CEU’s)
Math Tools 1-3: Averages, Ratios & Proportion
Math Tools 1-3 is the second course in the series of industrial / operational Math Tools. We begin to build or refresh skills needed for a solid foundation required in today’s operating environment. The topics of Averages, Ratios and Proportions are at the foundations of math. A solid command and understanding of these important topics are necessary to understand the mathematical spectrum of knowledge. In this course we teach and refresh these fundamental skills and begin working on giving you the confidence to be a superior operator.These courses are completely on-line and at the pace of the attendee. Using in-presentation exercises and intelligent quizzing, the student can gain complete mastery of the topic and view unit presentations multiple times, extra activities are provided if the student wants to extend their learning. Unit quizzes must be passed in order to move to the next topic and can be attempted as many times as necessary, they will be different every time and provide feedback to incorrect responses (Final Quiz - Maximum 3 Attempts). The Certificate of Completion is instantly and automatically provided upon completion. No course manual is required, all materials needed are available within the course.
Regulator Approved in: ON (0.4-CEU’s)
Math Tools 1-4: Conversions & Intro to Dimensional Analysis
In Math Tools 1-4 we continue to build or refresh skills needed for a solid foundation required in today’s operating environment. Being able to convert from metric to Imperial, imperial to imperial and metric to metric is a fundamental skill needed by every operator. We not review this skill extensively, but we will also learn the operators greatest math trick, Dimensional Analysis. In this course we teach and refresh these fundamental skills and begin working on giving you the confidence to be a superior operator.These courses are completely on-line and at the pace of the attendee. Using in-presentation exercises and intelligent quizzing, the student can gain complete mastery of the topic and view unit presentations multiple times, extra activities are provided if the student wants to extend their learning. Unit quizzes must be passed in order to move to the next topic and can be attempted as many times as necessary, they will be different every time and provide feedback to incorrect responses (Final Quiz - Maximum 3 Attempts). The Certificate of Completion is instantly and automatically provided upon completion. No course manual is required, all materials needed are available within the course.
Regulator Approved in: ON (0.4-CEU’s)
Math Tools 1-5: Linear, Area and Volume Calculations
In Math Tools 1-5 we wrap up the Fundamental Math Series with our last subjects of Linear, Area and Volume determinations and practice what we’ve learned with algebra. We tackle angles using trigonometry. We look at complex areas and volumes and tackle partial volumes of odd shaped tanks. We use trigonometry, geometry and algebra to calculate various aspects of these three dimensions.These courses are completely on-line and at the pace of the attendee. Using in-presentation exercises and intelligent quizzing, the student can gain complete mastery of the topic and view unit presentations multiple times, extra activities are provided if the student wants to extend their learning. Unit quizzes must be passed in order to move to the next topic and can be attempted as many times as necessary, they will be different every time and provide feedback to incorrect responses (Final Quiz - Maximum 3 Attempts). The Certificate of Completion is instantly and automatically provided upon completion. No course manual is required, all materials needed are available within the course.
Regulator Approved in: ON (0.8-CEU’s)
OETC Math Tools1-5 Linear, Area & Volume Calculations
We look at complex areas & volumes and tackle partial volumes of odd shaped tanks. We’ll use of Algebra, Trigonometry and Pythagorean Theorem to explore these topics, but all will be reviewed & explained